The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa, bordered on the east by Kenya, the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. Uganda's population is 30.3 millions (July 2007 estimate); the male/female ratio is 1.004 male(s)/female (2007 est.). The birth rate is estimated at 48.12 births and the mortality rate at 12.64 per 1,000 people; the country population growth rate at 3.572%. The life expectancy is 51.75 years (50.78 years for males and 52.73 years for females). The total fertility rate is 6.84 children born per woman, and infant mortality rate is 67.22 deaths/1,000 live births.

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in adult population was estimated to be 3.5% (2005), with 1,000,000 people believed to be living with HIV/AIDS and 91,000 people died in 2006 due to the pandemic. There were about children living with HIV/AIDS (2006) and 1,000,000 orphaned by AIDS.